Impaired phagocytic function in CX3CR1 + tissue-resident skeletal muscle macrophages prevents muscle recovery after influenza A virus-induced pneumonia in old mice

the victim’s skeletal muscle dysfunction pneumonia disproportionately affects older individuals among major cause considerable morbidity. We found that the recovery of the skeletal muscle is impaired in elderly compared with young mice after the influenza A virus-induced pneumonia. In young mice, the recovery of muscle loss associated with the expansion of skeletal muscle tissue macrophage-resident and downregulation of the expression of MHC II, followed by a proliferation of muscle satellite cells.

These findings are not present in older rats and mice that lacked Cx3cr1. transcriptomic profiling of tissue-resident macrophages skeletal muscle of old compared to young rats showed downregulation of pathways associated with phagocytosis and proteostasis and continuous upregulation of inflammatory pathways. Consistently, skeletal muscle macrophages from old mice failed to downregulate the expression of MHCII during recovery from influenza

A virus-induced pneumonia and show impaired phagocytic function in vitro. Like the old animals, phagocytic receptor deficient mice did not show expansion Mertk macrophages, MHCII downregulation, or satellite cell proliferation and failed to recover the skeletal muscle function after influenza A pneumonia. Our data indicate that the loss of phagocytic function in a network-resident population of macrophages muscle order blocking rat CX3CR1 + in the old satellite cell proliferation and restoration of skeletal muscle function after influenza A pneumonia.

A phytochemical investigation Polygonatum odoratum root cause isolation fifteen steroid glycosides (1-15), three homoisoflavanones (16-18) and four cinnamic acid derivatives (19-22). The structure of all the compounds isolated are established primarily by spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence required, the 1-8 (polygodorasides A-G) is identified as a new steroid glycosides. Among isolates, compounds 7 and 17 showed remarkable in vitro inhibitory effect against influenza viruses with IC50 values ​​of 14.30 and 49.70 mM (positive control ribavirin 28.4 M).

phylogenetic characterization of the influenza A H5N2 reassortant virus from Mexico resident ducks (Anas diazi)

Congregation different migration and resident bird species in aquatic ecosystems during the winter migration increased level of contact and Improving influenza A virus (IAV) transmission. However, research has focused on the contribution of rare birds for virus ecology citizens on a local scale.

Mexican duck (Anas diazi) is anatid endangered endemic of Mexico. This resident species shares aquatic habitat by migratory birds in the wetlands of Central Mexico. Therefore, here we describe the phylogenetic analysis of IAV (A / Mexicanduck / EstadodeMexico; Lerma / UIFMVZ377 / 2016 (H5N2)) were isolated in this species, as long as spatiotemporal agreement with anatids migrate in winter. All eight gene sequences obtained by nextgeneration sequencing.

Salt Testing Kit?(1pk=10 kits)
K052-1PK	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 25.53
Description: Salt Testing Kit?(1pk=10 kits)

Human TES(Testin) ELISA Kit
EH1738	FN Test	96T	EUR 681.12
Description: Method of detection: Coated with Antigen, Competitive ELISA;Reacts with: Homo sapiens;Sensitivity: 0.375 ng/ml

T(Testosterone) ELISA Kit
EU0400	FN Test	96T	EUR 571.5
Description: Method of detection: Coated with Antigen, Competitive ELISA;Reacts with: General;Sensitivity: 0.188 ng/ml

Rat T(Testosterone) ELISA Kit
ER1462	FN Test	96T	EUR 628.92
Description: Method of detection: Coated with Antigen, Competitive ELISA;Reacts with: Rattus;Sensitivity: 0.188 ng/ml

Human Testosterone ELISA Kit
EH4850	FN Test	96T	EUR 628.92
Description: Method of detection: Coated with Antigen, Competitive ELISA;Reacts with: Homo sapiens ;Sensitivity: 0.188 ng/ml

Mouse Testosterone ELISA Kit
EM1850	FN Test	96T	EUR 628.92
Description: Method of detection: Coated with Antigen, Competitive ELISA;Reacts with: Mus ;Sensitivity: 0.188 ng/ml

Human SPOCK2(Testican-2) ELISA Kit
EH2271	FN Test	96T	EUR 681.12
Description: Method of detection: Double Antibody, Sandwich ELISA;Reacts with: Homo sapiens;Sensitivity: 0.188 ng/ml

Bovine T(Testosterone) ELISA Kit
EB0049	FN Test	96T	EUR 681.12
Description: Method of detection: Coated with Antigen, Competitive ELISA;Reacts with: Cattle;Sensitivity: 0.188 ng/ml

Human TEX101(testis expressed 101) ELISA Kit
EH12903	FN Test	96T	EUR 681.12
Description: Method of detection: Double Antibody, Sandwich ELISA;Reacts with: Homo sapiens ;Sensitivity: 0.188 ng/ml

Human F-TESTO(Free Testoterone) ELISA Kit
EH3092	FN Test	96T	EUR 571.5
Description: Method of detection: Coated with Antigen, Competitive ELISA;Reacts with: Homo sapiens;Sensitivity: 9.375pg/ml

Recombinant human Testican-2
P1475	FN Test	100ug	Ask for price
Description: Recombinant protein for human Testican-2

Recombinant human Testis-specific Y-encoded-like protein 5
P1359	FN Test	100ug	Ask for price
Description: Recombinant protein for human Testis-specific Y-encoded-like protein 5

Human PDHA2(Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, testis-specific form, mitochondrial) ELISA Kit
EH1149	FN Test	96T	EUR 681.12
Description: Method of detection: Double Antibody, Sandwich ELISA;Reacts with: Homo sapiens;Sensitivity: 0.094 ng/ml

Rat Pdha2(Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, testis-specific form, mitochondrial) ELISA Kit
ER0417	FN Test	96T	EUR 681.12
Description: Method of detection: Double Antibody, Sandwich ELISA;Reacts with: Rattus;Sensitivity: 46.9pg/ml

Recombinant human Protein disulfide-isomerase-like protein of the testis
P2148	FN Test	100ug	Ask for price
Description: Recombinant protein for human Protein disulfide-isomerase-like protein of the testis

EdU Imaging Kits (488)
K1175-50	ApexBio	50-500 tests	EUR 240
Description: EdU Imaging Kits (488) is a sensitive and reliable way to detect and quantify cell proliferation in cells. It is optimized for fluorescence microscopy. It is a better alternative to traditional BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine).

BSA Standard kits
TBS5002	Tribioscience	7x 1ml	EUR 45

Tricorn Filter Kits
TFK-013C	Creative BioMart	each	EUR 320
Description: Chromatography Reagents

Soil Micronutrient Test Kit (Six Test Pa
K095L-1KT	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 83.1
Description: Soil Micronutrient Test Kit (Six Test Pa

Soil Micronutrient Test Kit (Six Test Pa
K095M-1KT	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 50.75
Description: Soil Micronutrient Test Kit (Six Test Pa

Melamine Rapid Test Kit Card (test cassette)
C400002	Ring Biotechnology Co	50T	EUR 85
Description: Milk Test

Soil Test Kit
K054-1KT	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 62.03
Description: Soil Test Kit

Soil Test Kit
K054L-1KT	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 109.52
Description: Soil Test Kit

IMViC Test Kit
36873	Sisco Laboratories	1 Kit	EUR 9.41
Description: Part D

Single Test Kit
EKIT-009	Creative BioMart	20 assays	EUR 399.2

T&A Cloning Kits
FYC001-20P	Yeastern Biotech	1 vial	Ask for price

HiWater Test Kit
K015-10KT	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 27.8
Description: HiWater Test Kit

HiSurba Test Kit
K060-1PK	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 18.91
Description: HiSurba Test Kit

Arsenic Test Kit
WT025-1NO	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 23.69
Description: Arsenic Test Kit

Quinolones(QNS) ELISA Test Kit Fluoroquinolone ELISA Test Kit
LSY-10016	Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology	96 well/kit	Ask for price

Sterility Test Kit
76043	Sisco Laboratories	1 Kit	EUR 8.55
Description: Part D

Chitinase test kit
SH0021	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	50T/24Sample	EUR 440

Pectinase test kit
SH0227	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	50T/24Sample	EUR 380

EdU Imaging Kits (Cy3)
K1075-50	ApexBio	50-500 tests	EUR 240
Description: EdU Imaging Kits (Cy3) is a sensitive and reliable way to detect and quantify cell proliferation in cells. It is optimized for fluorescence microscopy. It is a better alternative to traditional BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine).

EdU Imaging Kits (Cy5)
K1076-50	ApexBio	50-500 tests	EUR 240
Description: EdU Imaging Kits (Cy5) is a sensitive and reliable way to detect and quantify cell proliferation in cells. It is optimized for fluorescence microscopy. It is a better alternative to traditional BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine).

Human Anti-Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) IgM capture ELISA kits, 96 tests, qualitative
910-705-CHM	Alpha Diagnostics	1 Kit	EUR 1000.8

Salmonella Test Kit
55521	Sisco Laboratories	1 Kit	EUR 17.11
Description: Part D

Glyphosate test kit
N029	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 100
Description: Milk Test

Clostridium Test Kit
12655	Sisco Laboratories	1 Kit	EUR 9.41
Description: Part D

Pseudomonas Test Kit
47758	Sisco Laboratories	1 Kit	EUR 27.37
Description: Part D

EdU Imaging Kits (HF488)
K2240-50	ApexBio	50-500tests	EUR 240
Description: Cell Biology|Cell Proliferation & Toxicity

EdU Imaging Kits (HF594)
K2243-50	ApexBio	50-500tests	EUR 240
Description: Cell Biology|Cell Proliferation & Toxicity

Multipurpose Test Kit
14443	Sisco Laboratories	1 Kit	EUR 31.64
Description: Part D

Urobilinogen test kit
BC089-50T48S	ELK Biotech	50T/48S	EUR 50

Urobilinogen test kit
SH0220	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	50T/48Sample	EUR 100

COVID-19 RNA Test, 1 test/pack
U20250	USTAR Biotechnologies (Hangzhou)	test	Ask for price

NOVATest IgG/IgM Antibody Rapid Test Kit (NOVA Test)
UNCOV-40	Atlas Link Technology	40 Tests	EUR 115

HBsAg Test Card (Test in Whole Blood)
HBsAg-214	Innovation Biotech	4.0mm (strip in a card) 25cards/box	EUR 0.2

HBsAg Test Strip (Test in Whole Blood)
HBsAg-213	Innovation Biotech	3.0mm (single pouch) 100pouches/box	EUR 0.1

Necrosis vs Apoptosis Kits
KF17371	Neuromics	50-100 Tests	EUR 522

Necrosis vs Apoptosis Kits
KF17372	Neuromics	100-200 Tests	EUR 921.6

Cow Milk Test Kit (test cow milk from camel milk)
410003	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 200
Description: Milk Test

Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM Test Agar) (Powder)
MBS653290-500g	MyBiosource	500g	EUR 400

Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM Test Agar) (Powder)
MBS653290-5x500g	MyBiosource	5x500g	EUR 1645

Gel Filtration Calibration Kits
Ge-474C	Creative BioMart	1 Kit	EUR 1704
Description: Chromatography Reagents

Uncoated Ancillary Reagent Kits
RK04587	Abclonal	20Plates	EUR 280

rat LBP test kit
043a	Biometec GmbH	reagents for 96 wells	EUR 440

E. Coli Test Kit
49763	Sisco Laboratories	1 Kit	EUR 11.12
Description: Part D

NOVATest Antigen Rapid Test Kit (For Single Use) (NOVA Test)
nCov-500-01	Atlas Link Technology	1T	EUR 162

TC Combo Test Kit
N018	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 100
Description: Milk Test

Test Product
ZX001	AAT Bioquest	1mg	Ask for price
Description: Web testing purposes only.

Test Product
ZX002	AAT Bioquest	5mg	Ask for price
Description: Web testing purposes only.

Test product
testttt	National Diagnostics	0	Ask for price

Octo Aqua Test Kit
WT023-1NO	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 60.81
Description: Octo Aqua Test Kit

S. Aureus Test Kit
99752	Sisco Laboratories	1 Kit	EUR 31.64
Description: Part D

DPF Combo Test Kit
100041	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 120
Description: Milk Test

LISTERIA TEST
AKE0007	Diatheva	96 TEST-1 PLATE	EUR 795.7

TBQSM 5in1 Test Kit
100057	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 150
Description: Milk Test

Lead Rapid Test Kit
700001	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 200
Description: Feed Test

TriTest BTS Test Kit
140015	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 100
Description: Milk Test

Cellulase (CL) test kit
SH0089	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	50T/24Sample	EUR 320

Cow Milk Test Kit (test cow milk from goat/sheep milk)
400003	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 200
Description: Milk Test

Cow Milk Test Kit (test cow/goat milk from camel milk)
420003	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 250
Description: Milk Test

Rat MTL5(Tesmin) ELISA Kit
ER1521	FN Test	96T	EUR 628.92
Description: Method of detection: Double Antibody, Sandwich ELISA;Reacts with: Rattus;Sensitivity: 18.75pg/ml

HiStaph Latex Test Kit
LK03-100NO	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 120.48
Description: HiStaph Latex Test Kit

HiStaph Latex Test Kit
LK03-50NO	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 78.27
Description: HiStaph Latex Test Kit

Estriol Rapid Test Kit
100058	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 100
Description: Milk Test

Estriol ELISA Test Kit
ELKFS034	ELK Biotech	96Tests	EUR 175

Tylosin ELISA Test Kit
LSY-10020	Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology	96 well/kit	Ask for price

Urine protein test kit
BC141-100T96S	ELK Biotech	100T/96S	EUR 110

Urine protein test kit
SH0126	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	100T/96Sample	EUR 150

Urine protein test kit
SH0260	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	100T/96Sample	EUR 150

Estriol ELISA Test Kit
FES034	Unibiotest	96 Tests	EUR 500
Description: Sensitivity (ppb) : 0.05

Melamine Rapid Test Kit
abx092011-50tests	Abbexa	50 tests	EUR 444

Biochemical Test Kit - II
65896	Sisco Laboratories	1 Kit	EUR 18.82
Description: Part D

Biochemical Test Kit - I
92875	Sisco Laboratories	1 Kit	EUR 20.53
Description: Part D

Neomycin Rapid Test Kit
100010	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 85
Description: Milk Test

Colistin Rapid Test Kit
100026	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 100
Description: Milk Test

Flunixin Rapid Test Kit
100028	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 85
Description: Milk Test

Melamine Rapid Test Kit
400002	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 100
Description: Milk Test

Paraquat Rapid Test Kit
N002	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 100
Description: Milk Test

Carbaryl Rapid Test Kit
N007	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 100
Description: Milk Test

Fipronil Rapid Test Kit
N013	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 100
Description: Milk Test

Melamine Rapid Test Kit
abx092011-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	EUR 175

Melamine Rapid Test Kit
abx092011-1ml	Abbexa	1 ml	EUR 437.5

Melamine Rapid Test Kit
abx092011-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	EUR 287.5

Caffeine Rapid Test Kit
abx092240-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	EUR 387.5

Caffeine Rapid Test Kit
abx092240-1ml	Abbexa	1 ml	EUR 3600

Caffeine Rapid Test Kit
abx092240-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	EUR 1050

Neomycin ELISA test kit
LSY-10005	Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology	96 well/kit	Ask for price

Diazepam ELISA Test Kit
LSY-10021	Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology	96 well/kit	Ask for price

Melamine ELISA test kit
LSY-10026	Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology	96 well/kit	Ask for price

Colistin ELISA Test Kit
LSY-10056	Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology	96 well/kit	Ask for price

EdU Flow Cytometry Assay Kits (488)
K1176-100	ApexBio	100 tests	EUR 340
Description: EdU Flow Cytometry Assay Kits (488) is a sensitive and reliable way to detect and quantify cell proliferation in cells. It is optimized for flow cytometry. It is a better alternative to traditional BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine).

Estradiol Rapid Test Kit
100055	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 100
Description: Milk Test

Natamycin Rapid Test Kit
101305	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 120
Description: Milk Test

Cefalexin Rapid Test Kit
E1012	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 120
Description: Egg Test

Estradiol ELISA Test Kit
ELKFS033	ELK Biotech	96Tests	EUR 175

Urinary Indican Test Kit
I1000N	BioAssay Systems	20	EUR 309

Ofloxacin ELISA Test Kit
LSY-10064	Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology	96 well/kit	Ask for price

Cefalexin ELISA Test Kit
LSY-10067	Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology	96 well/kit	Ask for price

Glutaminase (GLS) test kit
BC124-50T48S	ELK Biotech	50T/48S	EUR 150

Glutaminase (GLS) test kit
SH0113	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	50T/48Sample	EUR 380

Estradiol ELISA Test Kit
FES033	Unibiotest	96 Tests	EUR 500
Description: Sensitivity (ppb) : 0.05

Candida Albicans Test Kit
45568	Sisco Laboratories	1 Kit	EUR 9.41
Description: Part D

Lincomycin Rapid Test Kit
100005	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 85
Description: Milk Test

Gentamicin Rapid Test Kit
100011	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 85
Description: Milk Test

Spiramycin Rapid Test Kit
100031	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 85
Description: Milk Test

Avermectin Rapid Test Kit
100045	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 100
Description: Milk Test

Bacitracin Rapid Test Kit
100046	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 85
Description: Milk Test

Salbutamol Rapid Test Kit
100061	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 100
Description: Milk Test

Olaquindox Rapid Test Kit
100062	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 120
Description: Milk Test

Metamizole Rapid Test Kit
100064	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 120
Description: Milk Test

Pirlimycin Rapid Test Kit
100066	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 100
Description: Milk Test

Macrolides Rapid Test Kit
100323	Ring Biotechnology Co	48T	EUR 90
Description: Honey Test

Albendazol Rapid Test Kit
300001	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 100
Description: Milk Test

Cyromazine Rapid Test Kit
N006	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 100
Description: Milk Test

Carbofuran Rapid Test Kit
N010	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 100
Description: Milk Test

Salbutamol Rapid Test Kit
abx092043-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	EUR 175

Salbutamol Rapid Test Kit
abx092043-1ml	Abbexa	1 ml	EUR 400

Salbutamol Rapid Test Kit
abx092043-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	EUR 262.5

Adenovirus Rapid Test Kit
abx092253-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	EUR 1925

Adenovirus Rapid Test Kit
abx092253-1ml	Abbexa	1 ml	EUR 26250

Adenovirus Rapid Test Kit
abx092253-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	EUR 6600

Salbutamol ELISA Test Kit
LSY-10014	Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology	96 well/kit	Ask for price

Ampicillin ELISA Test Kit
LSY-10018	Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology	96 well/kit	Ask for price

Gentamicin ELISA Test Kit
LSY-10023	Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology	96 well/kit	Ask for price

Olaquindox ELISA Test Kit
LSY-10025	Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology	96 well/kit	Ask for price

Lincomycin ELISA Test Kit
LSY-10045	Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology	96 well/kit	Ask for price

Amantadine ELISA test kit
LSY-10052	Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology	96 well/kit	Ask for price

Tilmicosin ELISA test kit
LSY-10053	Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology	96 well/kit	Ask for price

Avermectin ELISA test kit
LSY-10060	Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology	96 well/kit	Ask for price

Plant flavonoids test kit
SH0321	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	50T/48Sample	EUR 260

MitoPT™ TMRE & TMRM Kits
KF17358	Neuromics	500 Test	EUR 574.8

MitoPT™ TMRE & TMRM Kits
KF17359	Neuromics	500 Test	EUR 574.8

Total bile acid (TBA) kits
SH0118	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	96T	EUR 240

HiRotavirus Latex Test Kit
LK08-10NO	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 39.14
Description: HiRotavirus Latex Test Kit

HiRotavirus Latex Test Kit
LK08-25NO	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 96.29
Description: HiRotavirus Latex Test Kit

HiRotavirus Latex Test Kit
LK08-50NO	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 188.06
Description: HiRotavirus Latex Test Kit

Florfenicol Rapid Test Kit
100032	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 85
Description: Milk Test

Clenbuterol Rapid Test Kit
100059	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 100
Description: Milk Test

Ractopamine Rapid Test Kit
100060	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 100
Description: Milk Test

Carbendazim Rapid Test Kit
100334	Ring Biotechnology Co	48T	EUR 90
Description: Honey Test

Acetamiprid Rapid Test Kit
100335	Ring Biotechnology Co	48T	EUR 90
Description: Honey Test

Florfenicol Rapid Test Kit
E1020	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 120
Description: Egg Test

Carbendazim Rapid Test Kit
N001	Ring Biotechnology Co	96T	EUR 100
Description: Milk Test

Maximum Likelihood tree constructed using MEGA-X, with General Time Reversible + Invariant (GTR + I), subtree pruning and Regrafting (SPR) heuristic method, and 1000 bootstrap replications. IAV similarities with six different subtypes observed through BLAST search: H6N5, H7N7, H5N2, H4N6, H9N2, and H11N9, was detected in wild ducks during 2015 at a site to stop the Pacific, Central and Mississippi flyways throughout the United States and Canada. IAV molecular identification reassortant H5N2 highlights the importance of resident species as the host reservoirs and their potential participation in the maintenance and transmission of IAV in wetlands surrounded by countryside.