August 20, 2020
Apigenin suppresses influenza A virus-induced RIG-I activation and viral replication
Flavonoid apigenin is low toxicity and few favorable bioactivities, including anti-tumor properties, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity and antiviral. However, the effect of Apigenin on influenza virus infection remains poorly understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Apigenin on influenza A virus (IAV) induced inflammation and viral replication. This study showed that treatment significantly suppressed Apigenin IAV-induced upregulation of RIG-I expression, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferon (IFN-β and IFN-λ1). Meanwhile, Apigenin also protected cells from IAV-induced cell death.
In addition, special Apigenin inhibits the activation of RIG-I signaling by promoting ubiquitin-mediated degradation of RIG-I, which can lead to disrupt the interaction with Hsp90α. Interestingly, not increase viral replication due to the inhibitory effect of Apigenin on RIG-I activation and the expression of IFN, Apigenin inhibited IAV replication in vitro. Further studies show that Apigenin inhibits viral neuraminidase (NA) of influenza activity. Thus, Apigenin may serve as a promising complementary approach to the treatment of influenza because the cells are protected from IAV-induced cell death and inhibits viral NA activity to suppress viral replication. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
In April 2009, a new influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes (A (H1N1) pdm09) scattered around the world and triggered the first human influenza pandemic of the 21st century. Since then, IAV exposure to pandemic H1N1 has been confirmed in different animal species. clinical and serological evidence of infection with the A (H1N1) have been reported in pdm09 canines, but the available information on the role of the dog in the epidemiology of this subtype IAV is still very limited in Europe. A cross-sectional study conducted to determine the seroprevalence A (H1N1) pdm09 in dogs in southern Spain, an area with seasonal circulation endemic in humans.
Sera collected from 750 canine companion during the period 2013-2016. Antibodies against H1N1 pandemic IAV analyzed using haemagglutination inhibition test. Positive samples were also tested by single radial hemolysis test. Seropositivity was only confirmed by both methods in one (0.13%; 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.38) sample of 2013 adult animal.
Abdomen and pelvis Organ Failure Induced by intraperitoneal Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice
In humans, respiratory infections with influenza A virus can be deadly, but it is unclear whether influenza A non-breathing can be equally deadly. Intraperitoneal Infection making organs of the abdomen and pelvis accessible to pathogens because peritoneal fluid circulation around the pelvis and abdomen.
We found that high doses of intraperitoneal infection in mice with influenza virus A and sclerosis resulted in structural damage in the pancreas, ovarian follicle disorders, and a large infiltration of immune cells in the uterus. Intraperitoneal infection also causes a strong upregulation of proinflammatory mediators, including IL-6, BLC, and MIG. In addition, low doses of intraperitoneal infection with the influenza strain is provided cross-protection against subsequent intraperitoneal or intranasal challenge with other strains of influenza.
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NATtrol SA Positive Control (6 X 0.5 mL) |
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| MDZ061 | Zeptometrix | 6 X 0.5 mL | EUR 315.2 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol BK Virus Linearity Panel (6 X 0.25 mL) |
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| NATBK-LIN | Zeptometrix | 6 X 0.25 mL | EUR 529.44 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol C. difficile Positive Control (6 x 0.25 mL) |
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| NATCDI-6L | Zeptometrix | 6 x 0.25 mL | EUR 268.4 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol Clostridium difficile Positive Control (6 x 0.5 mL) |
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| NATCDI-6MC | Zeptometrix | 6 x 0.5 mL | EUR 315.2 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol Clostridium difficile Verification Panel (6 X 1 mL) |
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| NATCDIVP-C | Zeptometrix | 6 X 1 mL | EUR 532.56 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol CARBA-R Verification Panel (10 x 0.06 mL) |
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| NATCRVP-C | Zeptometrix | 10 x 0.06 mL | EUR 270.48 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol Clostridium difficile Negative Control (6 x 0.5 mL) |
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| NATCSO-6MC | Zeptometrix | 6 x 0.5 mL | EUR 315.2 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol Chlamydia trachomatis Positive Control (6 X 1 mL) |
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| NATCT(434)-6MC | Zeptometrix | 6 X 1 mL | EUR 330.8 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol Influenza A/B Positive Control (6 x 0.5mL) |
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| NATFLUAB-6C | Zeptometrix | 6 x 0.5mL | EUR 226.8 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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 (1 mL)) NATtrol Influenza A H1 Virus Stock (Qualitative) (1 mL) |
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| NATFLUAH1-ST | Zeptometrix | 1 mL | EUR 1137.84 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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 (1 mL)) NATtrol Influenza A H3 Virus Stock (Qualitative) (1 mL) |
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| NATFLUAH3-ST | Zeptometrix | 1 mL | EUR 1137.84 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol Influenza/RSV Positive Control (6 x 0.5 mL) |
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| NATFLURSV-6C | Zeptometrix | 6 x 0.5 mL | EUR 226.8 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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 (1 mL)) NATtrol Human Rhinovirus Type 1A Stock(Qualitative) (1 mL) |
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| NATHRV-STN | Zeptometrix | 1 mL | EUR 1137.84 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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 Controls (12 x 0.2 mL)) NATtrol Meningitis/Encephalitis (ME) Controls (12 x 0.2 mL) |
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| NATMEC-BIO | Zeptometrix | 12 x 0.2 mL | EUR 408.8 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol Mycoplasma genitalium External Run Control (6 x 0.25mL) |
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| NATMGN-ERC | Zeptometrix | 6 x 0.25mL | EUR 291.28 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol MRSA/SA Negative Control (6 X 0.5 mL) |
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| NATMSSE-6MC | Zeptometrix | 6 X 0.5 mL | EUR 307.92 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol Neisseria gonorrhoeae Positive Control (6 X 1 mL) |
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| NATNG-6MC | Zeptometrix | 6 X 1 mL | EUR 330.8 |
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|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol Norovirus GI/GII Positive Control (6 x 0.125mL) |
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| NATNOV-6MC | Zeptometrix | 6 x 0.125mL | EUR 213.28 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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 (Stool Matrix) (0.5 mL)) NATtrol Norovirus Group I (Recombinant) (Stool Matrix) (0.5 mL) |
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| NATNOVI-GP | Zeptometrix | 0.5 mL | EUR 93.68 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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 (Stool Matrix) (0.5 mL)) NATtrol Norovirus Group II (Recombinant) (Stool Matrix) (0.5 mL) |
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| NATNOVII-GP | Zeptometrix | 0.5 mL | EUR 93.68 |
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|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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 (1 mL)) NATtrol Parainfluenza Virus Type 1 Stock (Qualitative) (1 mL) |
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| NATPARA1-ST | Zeptometrix | 1 mL | EUR 1137.84 |
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|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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 (1 mL)) NATtrol Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 Stock (Qualitative) (1 mL) |
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| NATPARA2-ST | Zeptometrix | 1 mL | EUR 1137.84 |
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|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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 (1 mL)) NATtrol Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Stock (Qualitative) (1 mL) |
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| NATPARA3-ST | Zeptometrix | 1 mL | EUR 1137.84 |
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|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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 (1 mL)) NATtrol Parainfluenza Virus Type 4 Stock (Qualitative) (1 mL) |
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| NATPARA4-ST | Zeptometrix | 1 mL | EUR 1137.84 |
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|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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 (1 mL)) NATtrol Human Parvovirus B19 (10,000 IU/mL) (1 mL) |
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| NATPARVO-0001 | Zeptometrix | 1 mL | EUR 265.28 |
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|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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 (1 mL)) NATtrol Human Parvovirus B19 (100,000 IU/mL) (1 mL) |
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| NATPARVO-0002 | Zeptometrix | 1 mL | EUR 525.28 |
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|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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 (1 mL)) NATtrol Human Parvovirus B19 (1,000,000 IU/mL) (1 mL) |
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| NATPARVO-0003 | Zeptometrix | 1 mL | EUR 1000.56 |
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|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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 (1 mL)) NATtrol Human Parvovirus B19 (10,000,000 IU/mL) (1 mL) |
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| NATPARVO-0004 | Zeptometrix | 1 mL | EUR 1135.76 |
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|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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 (1 mL)) NATtrol Human Parvovirus B19 (100,000,000 IU/mL) (1 mL) |
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| NATPARVO-0005 | Zeptometrix | 1 mL | EUR 1408.24 |
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|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol Respiratory Pathogen Panel -1 (6 x 0.25 mL) |
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| NATRPP-1 | Zeptometrix | 6 x 0.25 mL | EUR 464.96 |
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|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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 (20 X 0.6 mL)) NATtrol Respiratory Verification Panel (RVP) (20 X 0.6 mL) |
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| NATRVP-IDI | Zeptometrix | 20 X 0.6 mL | EUR 850.8 |
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|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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 (Ea)) NATtrol Respiratory Verification Panel 2 (23 x 0.6mL) (Ea) |
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| NATRVP2-BIO | Zeptometrix | 23 x 0.6mL | EUR 971.44 |
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|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol RP Multimarker Control Pack (6 X 0.75 mL) |
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| MDZ001 | Zeptometrix | 6 X 0.75 mL | EUR 493.04 |
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|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol Clostridium difficile Positive Control (6 X 0.5 mL) |
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| MDZ040 | Zeptometrix | 6 X 0.5 mL | EUR 323.52 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol Clostridium difficile Negative Control (6 X 0.5 mL) |
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| MDZ041 | Zeptometrix | 6 X 0.5 mL | EUR 323.52 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol Influenza/RSV Negative Control (6 X 0.5 mL) |
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| MDZ045 | Zeptometrix | 6 X 0.5 mL | EUR 226.8 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol Norovirus GI Positive Control (6 X 0.5 mL) |
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| MDZ050 | Zeptometrix | 6 X 0.5 mL | EUR 213.28 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol Norovirus GII Positive Control (6 X 0.5 mL) |
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| MDZ051 | Zeptometrix | 6 X 0.5 mL | EUR 213.28 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
NATtrol MRSA/SA Negative Control (6 X 0.5 mL) |
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| MDZ060 | Zeptometrix | 6 X 0.5 mL | EUR 315.2 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol B. pertussis/parapertussis Positive Control (6 x 0.25 mL) |
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| NATBRD-6L | Zeptometrix | 6 x 0.25 mL | EUR 268.4 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
 Strain:AD-169 External Run Control, Medium (6X1mL)) NATtrol Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Strain:AD-169 External Run Control, Medium (6X1mL) |
|||
| NATCMV-ERCM | Zeptometrix | 6X1mL | EUR 401.52 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol Chlamydia trachomatis serotype D, External Run Control, Medium (6X1mL) |
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| NATCT(D-UW3)-ERCM | Zeptometrix | 6X1mL | EUR 401.52 |
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|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol EP Control (12 x 0.25 mL; 2 x 1mL) |
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| NATEPC-NNS | Zeptometrix | 12 x 0.25 mL; 2 x 1mL | EUR 412.96 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol Influenza A/B Positive Control (6 X 0.5 mL) |
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| NATFLUA/B-6MC | Zeptometrix | 6 X 0.5 mL | EUR 232 |
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|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol Influenza A H1N1 Positive Control (6 X 0.5 mL) |
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| NATFLUAH1N1-6MC | Zeptometrix | 6 X 0.5 mL | EUR 232 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol GI Panel (17 x 0.25mL; 2 x 0.85 mL) |
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| NATGIP-ABC | Zeptometrix | 17 x 0.25mL; 2 x 0.85 mL | EUR 761.36 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol GI Panel (22 x 0.25mL; 4 x 0.85 mL) |
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| NATGIP-BIO | Zeptometrix | 22 x 0.25mL; 4 x 0.85 mL | EUR 943.36 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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) NATtrol HSV 1 & 2 Positive Control (6 x 0.25 mL) |
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| NATHSV-6L | Zeptometrix | 6 x 0.25 mL | EUR 268.4 |
|
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|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol MTB Verification Panel (5 x 0.6mL, 6 x 1.6mL) |
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| NATMTBP-C | Zeptometrix | 5 x 0.6mL, 6 x 1.6mL | EUR 555.44 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol P. jirovecii Recombinant External Run Control (6 x 0.5mL) |
|||
| NATPJI-ERC | Zeptometrix | 6 x 0.5mL | EUR 343.28 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
 (Qualitative) (13 X 0.2 mL)) NATtrol Respiratory Validation Panel (RVP) (Qualitative) (13 X 0.2 mL) |
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| NATRVP-1 | Zeptometrix | 13 X 0.2 mL | EUR 688.56 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
 (Qualitative) (17 X 0.2 mL)) NATtrol Respiratory Validation Panel (RVP) (Qualitative) (17 X 0.2 mL) |
|||
| NATRVP-3 | Zeptometrix | 17 X 0.2 mL | EUR 863.28 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol Respiratory Verification Panel (15 x 0.5mL; 2 x 1mL) |
|||
| NATRVP-NNS | Zeptometrix | 15 x 0.5mL; 2 x 1mL | EUR 696.88 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
; -mecA, External Run Control, Low (6X1mL)) NATtrol Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA); -mecA, External Run Control, Low (6X1mL) |
|||
| NATSAU(MSSA)-ERCL | Zeptometrix | 6X1mL | EUR 339.12 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
; -mecA,External Run Control, Medium (6X1mL)) NATtrol Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA); -mecA,External Run Control, Medium (6X1mL) |
|||
| NATSAU(MSSA)-ERCM | Zeptometrix | 6X1mL | EUR 401.52 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol Group A Strep Positive Control (6 x 0.25 mL) |
|||
| NATSPY-6L | Zeptometrix | 6 x 0.25 mL | EUR 262.16 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol Zika Virus Range Verification Panel (4 x 0.5 mL) |
|||
| NATZIKV-RV | Zeptometrix | 4 x 0.5 mL | EUR 529.44 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol Chlamydia trachomatis Positive Control Pack (6 X 1.25 mL) |
|||
| MDZ002 | Zeptometrix | 6 X 1.25 mL | EUR 371.36 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol Neisseria gonorrhoeae Positive Control Pack (6 X 1.25 mL) |
|||
| MDZ003 | Zeptometrix | 6 X 1.25 mL | EUR 371.36 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol CT/NG Negative Control Pack (6 X 1.25 mL) |
|||
| MDZ004 | Zeptometrix | 6 X 1.25 mL | EUR 249.68 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
NATtrol Influenza A/B Positive Control (6 X 0.5 mL) |
|||
| MDZ046 | Zeptometrix | 6 X 0.5 mL | EUR 226.8 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol Norovirus GI/GII Positive Control (6 X 0.5 mL) |
|||
| MDZ049 | Zeptometrix | 6 X 0.5 mL | EUR 213.28 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol BK Virus External Run Control, Low (6 X 1 mL) |
|||
| NATBK-ERCL | Zeptometrix | 6 X 1 mL | EUR 339.12 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol BK Virus External Run Control, Medium (6 X 1 mL) |
|||
| NATBK-ERCM | Zeptometrix | 6 X 1 mL | EUR 401.52 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
 Strain: AD-169 (400 cp/mL) (1 mL)) NATtrol Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Strain: AD-169 (400 cp/mL) (1 mL) |
|||
| NATCMV-0001 | Zeptometrix | 400 cp/mL , 1mL | EUR 86.4 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
 Strain: AD-169 (5,000 cp/mL) (1 mL)) NATtrol Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Strain: AD-169 (5,000 cp/mL) (1 mL) |
|||
| NATCMV-0002 | Zeptometrix | 5,000 cp/mL , 1mL | EUR 177.92 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
 Strain: AD-169 (10,000 cp/mL) (1 mL)) NATtrol Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Strain: AD-169 (10,000 cp/mL) (1 mL) |
|||
| NATCMV-0003 | Zeptometrix | 10,000 cp/mL , 1mL | EUR 287.12 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
 Strain: AD-169 (50,000 cp/mL) (1 mL)) NATtrol Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Strain: AD-169 (50,000 cp/mL) (1 mL) |
|||
| NATCMV-0004 | Zeptometrix | 50,000 cp/mL , 1mL | EUR 457.68 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
 Strain: AD-169 (100,000 cp/mL) (1 mL)) NATtrol Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Strain: AD-169 (100,000 cp/mL) (1 mL) |
|||
| NATCMV-0005 | Zeptometrix | 100,000 cp/mL , 1mL | EUR 757.2 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
) NATtrol Chlamydia trachomatis LGV II 434, External Run Control, Medium (6X1mL) |
|||
| NATCT(434)-ERCM | Zeptometrix | 6X1mL | EUR 401.52 |
|
|||
|
Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
|||
Our results suggest that low-dose, non-respiratory administration may provide a route for influenza vaccination. Furthermore, these results provide insight into the pathological role of influenza A virus in high-risk patients, including women and people with diabetes.