Application of an Inclined Settler for Cell Culture-Based Influenza A Virus Production in Perfusion Mode
influenza virus have been successfully deployed using a variety of animal cell lines in batch, fed-batch and perfusion culture. For suspension cells, most studies reported on membrane-based cell retention device usually causes the accumulation of the virus in a bioreactor in perfusion mode.
Virus harvest continuously aims to improve productivity, a settler tend evaluated for influenza A virus (IAV) production using the birds AGE1.CR.pIX suspension cell lines. settlers tend to provide a lot of advantages because they are scalable, robust, and comply with cGMP regulations, for example, for the manufacture of recombinant proteins. perfusion levels up to 3000 L / day has been reported. In our study, the successful growth of cells AGE1.CR.pIX to 50 × 106 cells / mL and a cell retention efficiency exceeding 96% was obtained with the settlers cooled to room temperature.
No virus observed retention. A total of 5.4 to 6.5 × 1013 virions produced while control experiments with ATF system equaled 1.9 × 1013 virions. For infections of the 25 × 106 cells / mL, virus-specific cells produces up to 3474 virions / cell was obtained, approximately 5-fold higher than for cultivation based ATF conducted as controls (723 virions / cell). Trypsin activity proved to have a major impact on the dynamics of cell growth after a subsequent infection cell retention device, especially on a cell concentration of 50 × 106 cells / mL.
Further control experiments carried out by settlers acoustic show that virus production increased with the heat exchanger of the settlers tend to be operated at 27 ° C. In short, cell culture-based virus production in perfusion mode with sloping settlers and continuous harvest can drastically improve results and may IAV results of other viruses. To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows the potential of this device for the production of viral vaccines.

avoidance mechanisms of type I interferon response by influenza A virus
Type I interferon (IFN) represent the first line of host defense against influenza virus infection, and precise control of type I IFN response is the central event of immune defense against influenza virus infection. Influenza virus is one of the main causes of respiratory tract infections in humans and are responsible for seasonal epidemics and pandemics occasionally, leading to a serious threat to global human health due to antigenic variation and interspecies transmission of them.
Although the host cells have evolved mechanisms of antiviral advanced by sensing products of influenza virus and trigger signaling cascades resulting in the secretion of IFN type I (IFN-α / β), influenza viruses have developed strategies to counter these mechanisms and avoid the type I IFNs in response, for example, with induces host shut-off, or by arranging polyubiquitination viral proteins and host. This review will summarize the current knowledge about how the host cells recognize influenza virus to induce type I IFN response and the strategies used to prevent influenza virus type I IFN signaling pathways, which will help to antiviral and vaccine development.
Basic Cytotoxicity Test Kits |
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CT17002 | Neuromics | 250 Tests | EUR 780 |
Total Cytotoxicity Test Kits |
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CT17003 | Neuromics | 125 Tests | EUR 615.6 |
Total Cytotoxicity Test Kits |
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CT17004 | Neuromics | 250 Tests | EUR 975.6 |
Carcass Sponge Sampling Kits |
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SWA1038 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK95 | EUR 386.4 |
Sealed Vials Calibration Kits |
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2659505 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 901.2 |
MitoPT™ TMRE & TMRM Kits |
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KF17358 | Neuromics | 500 Test | EUR 574.8 |
MitoPT™ TMRE & TMRM Kits |
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KF17359 | Neuromics | 500 Test | EUR 574.8 |
Rat Neural Stem Cell Kits |
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PC37123 | Neuromics | 1 X 10(6) *minimum order 6 vials* | EUR 1148.4 |
HISTAR DETECTION SYSTEM Kits (OKSA11259) |
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OKSA11259 | Aviva Systems Biology | 50 Tests | EUR 678 |
Description: Description of target: HISTAR DETECTION SYSTEM;Species reactivity: ;Application: IHC-AFF, IHC-FFPE;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: |
HISTAR DETECTION SYSTEM Kits (OKSA11260) |
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OKSA11260 | Aviva Systems Biology | 150 Tests | EUR 1602 |
Description: Description of target: HISTAR DETECTION SYSTEM;Species reactivity: ;Application: IHC-AFF, IHC-FFPE;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: |
HISTAR DETECTION SYSTEM Kits (OKSA11261) |
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OKSA11261 | Aviva Systems Biology | 500 Tests | EUR 2422.8 |
Description: Description of target: HISTAR DETECTION SYSTEM;Species reactivity: ;Application: IHC-AFF, IHC-FFPE;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: |
JBScreen Membrane 1-4 - All 4 kits |
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M-CS-309 | MiTeGen | 4 Kits | EUR 1349 |
Description: JBScreen Membrane 1-4 - All 4 kits |
MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL KIT Kits (OKSA11298) |
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OKSA11298 | Aviva Systems Biology | 500 Tests | EUR 1147.2 |
Description: Description of target: MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL KIT ;Species reactivity: Human;Application: FC, IF;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: |
MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL KIT Kits (OKSA11300) |
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OKSA11300 | Aviva Systems Biology | 500 Tests | EUR 1147.2 |
Description: Description of target: MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL KIT ;Species reactivity: Human;Application: FC, IF;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: |
Blocking Buffer 3 (Multiple PARP Assay Kits) |
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79743 | BPS Bioscience | 25 ml x 2 | EUR 105 |
Description: This Blocking Buffer 3 is optimized for minimizing background in multiple PARP BPS Bioscience Assay Kits. _x000D__x000D_ |
CellQuanti-MTT™ Cell Viability Assay Kits |
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CQMT-500 | BioAssay Systems | 500 | EUR 209 |
Description: Homogeneous assay for cell viability, proliferation, cytotoxcity and evaluation of anticancer agents. Key Features: Safe. Non-radioactive assay (cf. 3H-thymidine incorporation assay). Sensitive and accurate. As low as 950 cells can be accurately quantified. Fast. High-throughput assay using 96-well plates allows simultaneous processing tens of thousands of samples per day. Homogeneous and convenient. "Mix-incubate-measure" type assay. No wash and reagent transfer steps are involved. Robust and amenable to HTS. Z factors of 0.5 and above are observed. Can be readily automated with HTS liquid handling systems. Method: OD570nm. Samples: Cell culture. Species: All. Procedure: Assay takes 5 hrs, hands-on time 30 min. Kit size: 500 tests. Detection limit: 950 cells. |
CellQuanti-Blue™ Cell Viability Assay Kits |
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CQBL-05K | BioAssay Systems | 5000 | EUR 209 |
Description: Homogeneous assay for cell viability, proliferation, cytotoxcity and high-throughput screen for anticancer agents. Key Features: Safe. Non-radioactive assay (cf. 3H-thymidine incorporation assay). Sensitive and accurate. As low as 100 cells can be accurately quantified. Time efficient. High-throughput assay in 96-well and 384-well plates allows simultaneous processing ten of thousands of samples per day. Homogeneous and convenient. A single reagent and "mix-incubate-measure" type assay. No wash and reagent transfer steps are involved. Robust and amenable to HTS. Z factors of 0.6 to 0.9 are routinely observed in 96-well and 384-well plates. Can be readily automated on HTS liquid handling systems. Method: FL530/590nm. Samples: Cell culture. Species: All. Procedure: Assay takes 1-5 hrs, hands-on time 30 min. Kit size: 5000 tests. Detection limit: 100 cells. |
CellQuanti-Blue™ Cell Viability Assay Kits |
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CQBL-10K | BioAssay Systems | 10000 | EUR 339 |
Description: Homogeneous assay for cell viability, proliferation, cytotoxcity and high-throughput screen for anticancer agents. Key Features: Safe. Non-radioactive assay (cf. 3H-thymidine incorporation assay). Sensitive and accurate. As low as 100 cells can be accurately quantified. Time efficient. High-throughput assay in 96-well and 384-well plates allows simultaneous processing ten of thousands of samples per day. Homogeneous and convenient. A single reagent and "mix-incubate-measure" type assay. No wash and reagent transfer steps are involved. Robust and amenable to HTS. Z factors of 0.6 to 0.9 are routinely observed in 96-well and 384-well plates. Can be readily automated on HTS liquid handling systems. Method: FL530/590nm. Samples: Cell culture. Species: All. Procedure: Assay takes 1-5 hrs. Kit size: 10000 tests. Detection limit: 100 cells. |
Blocking Buffer 2 (BPS Immunotherapy Assay Kits) |
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79728 | BPS Bioscience | 50 ml | EUR 110 |
Streptavidin-HRP (For PARP & Cytokine Assay Kits) |
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80611 | BPS Bioscience | 100 µl | EUR 100 |
Description: Streptavidin-HRP is useful in select BPS Bioscience assay kits. |
Blocking Buffer 1 (Various Epigenetics Assay Kits) |
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79556 | BPS Bioscience | 50 ml | EUR 100 |
Description: This Blocking Buffer 1 is optimized for minimizing background in various BPS Bioscience assay kits. The BPS Bioscience Blocking Buffer improves S/B ratio of HMTs NSD2 and SetDB2 ELISAs with respect to competitor blocking buffer by both decreasing background (0% Activity control, no enzyme) and increasing assay signal (100% Activity control, enzyme without inhibitor). |
Blocking Buffer 4 (Multiple Epigenetics Assay Kits) |
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52100 | BPS Bioscience | 50 ml | EUR 95 |
Description: This Blocking Buffer 4 is optimized for minimizing background in various chemiluminescent methyltransferase, demethylase, and TET assays. |
Nori® Equine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-BMP |
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GR225025 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Equine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-CCL |
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GR225026 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Equine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-MMP |
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GR225027 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Equine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-TLR |
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GR225028 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Equine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-SAA |
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GR225030 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Canine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-BMP |
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GR226025 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Canine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-CCL |
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GR226026 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Canine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-MMP |
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GR226027 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Canine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-TLR |
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GR226028 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Canine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-SAA |
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GR226030 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Bovine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-BMP |
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GR228025 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Bovine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-CCL |
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GR228026 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Bovine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-MMP |
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GR228027 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Bovine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-TLR |
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GR228028 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Bovine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-SAA |
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GR228030 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Porcine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-BMP |
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GR224025 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Porcine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-CCL |
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GR224026 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Porcine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-MMP |
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GR224027 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Porcine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-TLR |
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GR224028 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Porcine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-SAA |
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GR224030 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Equine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-S100 |
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GR225031 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Equine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-CXCL |
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GR225032 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Canine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-S100 |
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GR226031 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Canine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-CXCL |
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GR226032 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Bovine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-S100 |
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GR228031 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Bovine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-CXCL |
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GR228032 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Porcine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-S100 |
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GR224031 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Porcine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-CXCL |
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GR224032 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Equine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-Hormones |
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GR225029 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Canine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-Hormones |
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GR226029 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Bovine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-Hormones |
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GR228029 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Porcine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-Hormones |
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GR224029 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Equine 3-Plex ELISA Kits-Interferons |
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GR225009 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 503 |
Nori® Canine 3-Plex ELISA Kits-Interferons |
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GR226009 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 503 |
Nori® Bovine 3-Plex ELISA Kits-Interferons |
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GR228009 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 503 |
Cortisone CLIA Kit |
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SKT-206-96 | Stressmarq | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 560.4 |
Description: Sandwich CLIA kit used for quantitative measuring the cortisone present in Dried Fecal Samples, Serum, Saliva, Urine, Plasma, Tissue Culture Media samples from all species |
Nori® Porcine 3-Plex ELISA Kits-Interferons |
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GR224009 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 503 |
Precellys 2mL Lysing Kits - Soft tissue Starter box |
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HOM1060 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK40 | EUR 238.8 |
Nori® Equine 4-Plex ELISA Kits-Immunoglobulins |
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GR225017 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 545 |
Nori® Canine 4-Plex ELISA Kits-Immunoglobulins |
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GR226017 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 545 |
Nori® Bovine 4-Plex ELISA Kits-Immunoglobulins |
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GR228017 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 545 |
Nori® Porcine 4-Plex ELISA Kits-Immunoglobulins |
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GR224017 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 545 |
Human Homocystein CLIA(Homocystein CLIA) ELISA Kit |
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QY-E05403 | Qayee Biotechnology | 96T | EUR 433.2 |
Precellys 2mL Lysing Kits - Micro-organism Starter box |
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HOM1062 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK40 | EUR 238.8 |
Rabbit ANTI 14-3-3 ISOFORM PANEL Kits (OKSA11258) |
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OKSA11258 | Aviva Systems Biology | 1 u | EUR 1483.2 |
Description: Description of target: RABBIT ANTI 14-3-3 ISOFORM PANEL;Species reactivity: Sheep;Application: ELISA, IHC-FFPE, WB;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: |
Nori® Equine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-Cardiac Panel |
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GR225034 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Canine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-Cardiac Panel |
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GR226034 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Bovine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-Cardiac Panel |
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GR228034 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Estriol (E3) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx190005 | Abbexa |
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Estrone (E1) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx190015 | Abbexa |
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Estriol (E3) CLIA Kit |
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abx196120-96tests | Abbexa | 96 tests | EUR 990 |
Noggin (NOG) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx493482 | Abbexa |
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Nori® Porcine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-Cardiac Panel |
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GR224034 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Equine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-Growth Factors |
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GR225024 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Canine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-Growth Factors |
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GR226024 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Bovine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-Growth Factors |
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GR228024 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Dopamine (DA) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx190012 | Abbexa |
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Oxytocin (OT) CLIA Kit |
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abx196125-96tests | Abbexa | 96 tests | EUR 990 |
Dopamine (DA) CLIA Kit |
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abx196129-96tests | Abbexa | 96 tests | EUR 990 |
Oxytocin (OT) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490362 | Abbexa |
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Retinol (Ret) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490479 | Abbexa |
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Taurine (Tau) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490608 | Abbexa |
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Tyrosol (Tyr) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490611 | Abbexa |
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Glycine (Gly) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490614 | Abbexa |
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Heparin (Hep) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490617 | Abbexa |
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Oxytocin (OT) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx496621 | Abbexa |
|
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Nori® Porcine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-Growth Factors |
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GR224024 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Thyroxine (T4) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx190003 | Abbexa |
|
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Estradiol (E2) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx190008 | Abbexa |
|
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Cortisol (COR) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx190009 | Abbexa |
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Arginine (ARG) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx190019 | Abbexa |
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Melatonin (MT) CLIA Kit |
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abx195001-96tests | Abbexa | 96 tests | EUR 990 |
Estradiol (E2) CLIA Kit |
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abx195010-96tests | Abbexa | 96 tests | EUR 990 |
Melatonin (MT) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490317 | Abbexa |
|
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Bilirubin (Bb) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490532 | Abbexa |
|
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Guanosine (GS) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490634 | Abbexa |
|
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Ubiquitin (Ub) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx491166 | Abbexa |
|
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Mast/stem Cell Growth Factor Receptor Kit (Kits) Antibody |
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20-abx116620 | Abbexa |
|
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Ovalbumin (OVA) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx190016 | Abbexa |
|
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Creatinine (Cr) CLIA Kit |
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abx197924-96tests | Abbexa | 96 tests | EUR 990 |
Histamine (HIS) CLIA Kit |
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abx195752-96tests | Abbexa | 96 tests | EUR 990 |
Histamine (His) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490326 | Abbexa |
|
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Carnosine (Car) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490419 | Abbexa |
|
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Carnitine (CNT) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490607 | Abbexa |
|
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Gastrodin (GTD) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490629 | Abbexa |
|
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Dipalmitin (PP) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490633 | Abbexa |
|
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Natamycin (NTM) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490635 | Abbexa |
|
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Ovalbumin (OVA) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490710 | Abbexa |
|
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Cortisone (COR) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490021 | Abbexa |
|
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Myostatin (MSTN) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490427 | Abbexa |
|
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Tryptophan (Trp) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490506 | Abbexa |
|
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Cholesterol (CH) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490613 | Abbexa |
|
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Spermidine (SMD) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490619 | Abbexa |
|
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Stercobilin (SB) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490620 | Abbexa |
|
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Anandamide (AEA) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490622 | Abbexa |
|
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Nori® Equine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-Inflammation Panel |
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GR225033 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Canine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-Inflammation Panel |
|||
GR226033 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Nori® Bovine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-Inflammation Panel |
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GR228033 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Progesterone (PG) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx190007 | Abbexa |
|
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Mouse Myostatin CLIA Kit |
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20-abx190524 | Abbexa |
|
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Pentosidine (PTD) CLIA Kit |
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abx197920-96tests | Abbexa | 96 tests | EUR 990 |
Glutathione (GSH) CLIA Kit |
|||
abx195724-96tests | Abbexa | 96 tests | EUR 990 |
Aldosterone (ALD) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490318 | Abbexa |
|
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Enkephalin (PENK) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490372 | Abbexa |
|
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Triglyceride (TG) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490432 | Abbexa |
|
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Deoxycholate (DC) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490616 | Abbexa |
|
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Liraglutide (LRT) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490618 | Abbexa |
|
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Cinobufagin (CBG) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490625 | Abbexa |
|
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Resveratrol (RVT) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490627 | Abbexa |
|
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Cloprostenol (CP) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490630 | Abbexa |
|
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Pentosidine (PTD) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490065 | Abbexa |
|
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Glutathione (GSH) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490066 | Abbexa |
|
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Nori® Porcine 6-Plex ELISA Kits-Inflammation Panel |
|||
GR224033 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 629 |
Homocysteine (HCY) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490512 | Abbexa |
|
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Androsterone (ADT) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490022 | Abbexa |
|
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Neurogranin (NRGN) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx491457 | Abbexa |
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Prostacyclin (PGI2) CLIA Kit |
|||
abx196199-96tests | Abbexa | 96 tests | EUR 990 |
Cortisol (Cortisol) CLIA Kit |
|||
abx195777-96tests | Abbexa | 96 tests | EUR 990 |
Prostacyclin (PGI2) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490221 | Abbexa |
|
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Sphingomyelin (SPH) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490242 | Abbexa |
|
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Acetylcholine (ACH) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490319 | Abbexa |
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Testosterone (Testo) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx190006 | Abbexa |
|
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Hydroxyproline (Hyp) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490189 | Abbexa |
|
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Diacylglycerol (DAG) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490456 | Abbexa |
|
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Levonorgestrel (LNG) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490540 | Abbexa |
|
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Androstenediol (AED) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490060 | Abbexa |
|
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Epitestosterone (ET) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490120 | Abbexa |
|
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Triiodothyronine (T3) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx190004 | Abbexa |
|
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Malondialdehyde (MDA) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490183 | Abbexa |
|
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Allopregnanolone (AP) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490444 | Abbexa |
|
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Ethinylestradiol (EE) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490529 | Abbexa |
|
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Phosphocreatine (PCr) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490605 | Abbexa |
|
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Androstenedione (ASD) CLIA Kit |
|||
20-abx490119 | Abbexa |
|
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In the last months of 2019, an outbreak of fatal respiratory disease that began in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread to other parts of the world. It named COVID-19, and to date, thousands of cases of infection and deaths reported worldwide. The disease is associated with a variety of symptoms that make it difficult to diagnose accurately.
Previous SARS pandemic in 2003, researchers found that patients with fever, cough, or sore throat has influenza virus-positive rate of 5%. These findings triggered in our minds that the various symptoms and also the relatively high prevalence of death in our patients may be due to co-infection with other viruses.